從零到一：白斑症發病機理、診斷和治療的最新進展

摘 要：

白斑症是最常見的後天性色素障礙，對患者的心理社會影響深遠。白斑症的病程通常不可預測，診斷和治療白斑症依然是皮膚科的一大挑戰。在本綜述中，我們介紹了白斑症發病機理的新進展，討論了可能有助於醫生評估白斑症病情活動性和嚴重程度的新興生物標誌物，並總結了白斑症治療中前景看好的靶向療法。此外，還簡要概述了2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）大流行對白斑症患者的影響。我們希望讀者能夠更全面地了解白斑症，並對新的診斷工具和治療選擇有所啟發。

Vitiligo is the most common acquired pigmentary disorder and can have profound negative psychosocial impacts on patients. The disease course of vitiligo is often unpredictable, and diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo remain a challenging dermatological task. In this review, we touch on new advances in understanding vitiligo pathogenesis; discuss emerging biomarkers that may aid physicians in assessing vitiligo disease activity and severity, and summarize prospective targeted therapies in treating vitiligo. A brief outline dedicated to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on vitiligo patients is also provided. We hope that readers may acquire a more comprehensive understanding of vitiligo and gain insights into new diagnostic tools and therapeutic options for vitiligo.